Unit+5

Resources:

 * [[file:Evolution Unit Plan_student.doc]]
 * Calculating Allele Frequencies Tutorial
 * [[file:Guppy Selection.doc]]
 * Patterns in Evolution: [|Exploring Homologies and Analogies]

Classwork 5/19: Genographic Project: Human Migrations
Go to the genographic project site and select "Atlas of the Human Journey" Go through the information on the different time periods and answer questions on the attached sheet.

1) Read the article : [|"Ovulating Dancers Make Bigger Tips"] and [|"'Sexy' voice gives fertile women away"]
 * Homework: 5/5 - The Power of Sexual Selection**

2) Read the essay by Matt Ridley at the [|WGBH Evolution] page
 * Sexual Selection and "The Red Queen"**

3) **Book** Read 16-1 and 16-2

Questions from “Population Genetics” Genographic Project (est. time = 10min) https://www3.nationalgeographic.com/genographic/index.html
 * Go to the genographic web site, select “Genetics Overview” tab and complete the “Population Genetics” section.


 * 1) What is a point mutation and how can they arise?
 * 2) What is a “marker”, “haplogroup?”
 * 3) How can Natural Selection and Genetic Drift affect the frequency of surviving alleles for a haplogroup?
 * 4) Compare the haplogroups from the Y chromosome map to the Mitochondrial map.
 * 5) Tracing your ancestry based on the Y chromosome map versus the mitochondrial map gives you different information. Explain why this is the case and what each map shows.

**Big Ideas:**

 * What is Evolution?**
 * Evolution is descent with modification. It implies that all life is related and has descended from a common ancestor over long periods of time.
 * Mutation, Migration (gene flow), Genetic drift, and Natural Selection are all sources of Evolutionary change.
 * Micro-evolutionary changes can be measured by assessing allele frequencies.
 * Variation, Competition, Differential Survival and Reproduction, and Heredity are components of **natural selection**.
 * Environmental conditions determine relative "fitness" of individuals.


 * Allele Frequencies**

1.Allele frequencies can be used to measure evolution -We can see the changes in species over time with allele frequencies (numerically, physically, etc.)

2.Selection acts on phenotypes but, is reflected in allele frequencies. -selection = decision making of which should survive and which can be deleted. e.g.) does blonde hair fit more in this condition or not? -When it is decided to delete the information, the embryo of that information dies.
 * one that best fit the condition, one that can survive

3.Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and conditions to maintain it. -has to fit quadratic equation Conditions to maintain HW equilibrium: No Migration, Random Mating, No Selection, No Mutation (these conditions are hardly ever ALL met)

1195383079

__Mutation__ is a change of the DNA sequence within a gene or chromosome of an organism resulting in the creation of a new character or trait not found in the parental type. Mutation occurs slowly in normal conditions. But, mutagens--mutation-causing agents such as radiation and certain chemicals--can increase the rate of mutation significantly.
 * Mechanisms of Change** (Jinsu Kim)

__Migration__ Immigration: movement of individuals into the population Emigration: movement out of a population Female animals tend to stay in their population, but males leave their population to join other group. This ensures gene flow which is the process of genes moving from one population to another. __Genetic Drift__: the phenomenon by which allele frequencies in a population change as a result of random events, or chance In small population, the failure of offspring can disrupt the allele frequency of the population which can result in genetic drift. The large populations maintain stable allele frequencies. 1210431002

Sexual, Disruptive, Stabilizing & Speciation media type="youtube" key="OMVN1EWxfAU&hl=en" height="355" width="425"
 * Types of Selection** **and Speciation** (Jeffrey Meng)


 * Primate Characteristics** (Rico Mitchell)

Major fossils, trends, places, methods (genographic)
 * Human Evolution** (Reina Ooka)

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