Anatomy+and+Physiology

Evidence from Anatomy/Physiology
Describe the piece of evidence that you've found. ||  ||   || **__Reference/Link__** List a reference and/or link. ||  ||   || __**Name**__ Fill in your name. || By studying its bone structure, it has been shown that Unenlagia was able to fold its wings like the modern day bird and rise its forearms in a flapping motion. However, there is no evidence to support that it had feathers. Unenlagia was also not able to fly and this small creature provides theissing link between the dinosaurs and the birds. ||  ||   || [|http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?articleID= 00038E4C-7D07-1C76-9B81809EC588EF21&ref=sciam] ||   ||   || max || It is believed that the Carboniferous fish were the ancestors of bony fishes. The fins has lost their lobes, one lung was lost, thus the other remaining lung formed into a "swim bladder". It is also believed that the Carboniferous fish could be the ancestor of amphibians. lungs have been "retained and limbs strengthened and specialized for walking." || Evidence suggests that our evolutionary ancestors had a purpose for their appendixes. They used it to digest tough food like tree bark. Today, humans have no known use for the organ and we don't use it for digestion anymore, but the appendix is rich in infection-fighting lymphoid cells which may suggest that it plays a part in the immune system. Some scientists say that the appendix will disappear from the human body. ||  ||   || [|http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/ body/factfiles/appendix/appendix.shtml] ||   ||   || Zachary Kwok || James Mark Keating ||
 * **__Evidence__**
 * The skeletons of mice, humans, and bats are very similar. However, the three are totally different mammals. The bone structures of the three reveal that they come from a common ancestor. This is evidence for evolution, since this shows that what was once one thing has evolved into multiple ancestors, due to geological factors. ||  ||   || ||   || http://books.nap.edu/html/creationism/evidence.html || ||   ||   || antony ||
 * Unenlagia, has the characteristics of a bird but is clearly shown to be a dinosaur.
 * Whale flippers and bat wings have very similar bone structures, implying a common ancestor they they evolved from. Speciation probably occurred since before the whale and bat formed, and the bat animal probably lived on the tall canopy of jungles, thus developing wings and whales in the sea, developing oar-like flippers. ||  ||   || [|http://www.doe.mass.edu/mcas/question.asp ?mcasyear=2006&district=088&school=&grade=08& subjectcode=SCI&questionnumber=9&answers=yes] ||   ||   || Alan ||
 * Unlike modern fish today, the Carboniferous fish breathed with lungs instead of gills. The Carboniferous fish lived in a climate that was hot and humid, and in an environment that consisted of swamps, infested by plants including ferns, conifers, club mosses, and horsetails.It is said that the Carboniferous fish lived around 360 to 286 million years ago, and that they breathed with two lungs instead of gills, and had lobe-like fins.
 * ||  || http://www.dbc.uci.edu/~sustain/bio65/lec02/b65lec02.htm ||   ||   || ANGELA TU ||
 * Humans have a tailbone, but no tail. This is a vestigial structure, because the tail bone at the end of the spine has no apparent use. Vestigial structures like this can be viewed as evidence for evolution. Organisms that share a common structure probably share a common ancestry. ||  ||   || http://bioweb.cs.earlham.edu/9-12/evolution/HTML/live.html ||   ||   || Chloe Ting ||
 * //Tiktaalik// is technically a fish, complete with scales and gills — but it has the flattened head of a crocodile and unusual fins. Its fins have thin ray bones for paddling like most fishes', but they also have sturdy interior bones that would have allowed //Tiktaalik// to prop itself up in shallow water and use its limbs for support as most four-legged animals do. ||  ||   || http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/news/060501_tiktaalik ||   ||   || Kyung Hyun Chung ||
 * The appendix is a 9-centimeter long organ. It is a narrow, muscular, and worm-like pouch.
 * In Hawaii, recent studies show that over 20 generations, nearly the whole population (90%) of male crickets have evolved to have silent wings, instead of an auditory sound. These new 'silent wings' have protected them from predators, who had been using their keen hearing to locate the crickets. Since they make no sound, they find mates by waiting near another cricket who is making mating calls and steals the mate from him when the female comes near. However, if all the noise-making crickets die, the crickets will need to find a new way to attract mates. ||  ||   || http://atheism.about.com/b/a/258219.htm ||   ||   || Teddy Benner ||
 * The ear and jaw of a mammal can be compared were the lower jaw of a mammal contains one bone and the lower jaw of reptiles contain several.In addition to this, the bones contained in a reptile jaw are the same as the bones found in the ear of a mammal. ||  ||   || http://books.nap.edu/html/creationism/evidence.html ||   ||   || Angeline Chen ||
 * When organisms have similar anatomical structures, they are closely related due to common descent. Vestigial Structures are the remains of a structure where it functions in one organism but does not function another organism even with the same anatomy structure. For example, most birds have developed wings, however there are some birds which are still unable to fly. Another example, the human body has a tail bone, however we lack a tail. ||  ||   || [|http://www.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/ biobk/BioBookEVOLII.html] ||   ||   || Angeline Chen ||
 * Due to some similar physical characteristics, scientists have concluded that primates have evolved from a common ancestor. It can be assumed that this ancestor was a tree dwelling one, because of the common characteristics observed on primates. Some of these include, limbs that move more freely than those of other mammals, fingers and toes that are flexible, eyes that face forward and serve as accurate judges of distance, in addition to large brains. ||  ||   || http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761569210/Primate.html ||   ||   || Rebecca Belkin ||
 * The things that non-humans do to become unfit are some of the same things us humans do. their bodies are similar to our own. This statement partly proves we all come from a common ancestor named Animalia ||  ||   || [|http://www.goanimal.com/ideas/evo_perspective/ we_animals/animals.html] ||   ||   || 키팅제임스
 * Both humans and apes have chests that are broader than they are deep and flat shoulder blades at the back because they both share a common ancestor with the ability to suspend themselves using just its upper limbs. Hoatzin chicks, chickens and ostriches have claws on their wings, showing that birds evolved from an ancestor with clawed hands. ||  ||   || http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/lines/IIAanatomy.shtml ||   ||   || Rudolf Zen ||
 * Despite the different races of humans being so genetically similar, as HomoSapiens spread out from Africa to areas farther north, there was a large evolutionary change in skin color. As levels of radiation were far less than that of Africa, the amount of melanin needed to protect us from deadly Ultraviolet rays was less than originally needed in Africa. In Northern Europe there was not enough sunlight to produce enough Vitamin D to survive, so the humans there evolved to produce even less amounts of melanin, which allowed for more absorbtion of sunlight, and produced humans with light white skin, blue/green eyes and blonde/red hair. As the migrating peoples went from central asia to the pacific islands, they became darker again as they traveled closer to the equator and were exposed to more radiation. This shows evolution happening inside not a species, but a sub-species, and over a relatively very short amount of time. ||  ||   || http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/race.html ||   ||   || EriK C. ||
 * Many creatures such as pigs, cattle, deer and dogs have shortened limbs that have no function; they are referred to as dewclaws. For example a pig foot has one less finger, their second and fifth fingers have been shortened, and therefore their third and fourth fingers support their weight. Evolution remains the best explanation for these curious features. They are the remainders of ancestors who had a larger number of functional fingers. Humans have similar features with apes as well. We both have flat shoulder blades in the back and chests that are broader than they are deep which shows that we could be descended from the same ancestors who were able to suspend their upper limbs. ||
 * ||  || http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/lines/IIAanatomy.shtml ||   ||   || Nick Watkins ||